Hi teacher!
We have alredy finish the tests for the 50 students about the supernovas, we will show you our results and graphics on Thursday because here at the blog we couldn´t add it, but we have it in a word document.
Well see you soon
Have a nice day
martes, 22 de enero de 2008
martes, 8 de enero de 2008
"Questionary"
Hi teacher!!! well, this is my questionary about supernovas:
1) What is a supernova?
2) Do you know if there is a relation between a supernova and the origin of earth?
3) What kind of material are the supernovas made from?
4) Do you know the origin of a supernohva?
5) Where do the supernovas appear?
6) How many types of supernovas are there ?
7) Have you ever heard something about supernovas?
8) Do you know which is the danger of a Supernova?
9) The explosion of the Big Bang was a product of:
10) What chemical components does a supernova have?
11) How is the sheen of a supernova?
12) What colors does a supernova have?
13) What science studies the supernovas?
14) You believe that you have enough information about the supernovas?Well teacher, see you next class.
1) What is a supernova?
2) Do you know if there is a relation between a supernova and the origin of earth?
3) What kind of material are the supernovas made from?
4) Do you know the origin of a supernohva?
5) Where do the supernovas appear?
6) How many types of supernovas are there ?
7) Have you ever heard something about supernovas?
8) Do you know which is the danger of a Supernova?
9) The explosion of the Big Bang was a product of:
10) What chemical components does a supernova have?
11) How is the sheen of a supernova?
12) What colors does a supernova have?
13) What science studies the supernovas?
14) You believe that you have enough information about the supernovas?Well teacher, see you next class.
domingo, 2 de diciembre de 2007
INTRODUCTION
Hi teacher Marsella!!! well, the second deadline, is about the introduction, and here it is:
INTRODUCTION
This work is going to talk about the Supernovas, the types of supernovas, their history and the importance for us.
We chose this topic because we think, this is a very relevant topic for us, because one of the explosions of a supernova got place to the solar system , this is the reason why we got live, we breath , we are study now. Besides we like the Astronomy and the geography because it’s exciting to study the planets that are very far away from us.
Well, as we know a supernova is a stellar explosion that creates an extremely luminous object. A supernova causes a burst of radiation that may briefly outshine its entire host galaxy before fading from view over several weeks or months. During this short interval, a supernova can radiate as much energy as the Sun would emit over 10 billion years.
Supernovas fall into two classes: those focused on relatively nearby events and those looking for explosions farther away.
Type A
One model for the formation of this category of supernova is a close binary star system. The larger of the two stars is the first to evolve off the main sequence, and it expands to form a red giant. The two stars now are sharing a common envelope, causing their mutual orbit to shrink.
The giant star then sheds most of its envelope, losing mass until it can no longer continue nuclear fusion. At this point it becomes a white dwarf star, composed primarily of carbon and oxygen. Eventually the secondary star also evolves off the main sequence to form a red giant. Matter from the giant is accreted by the white dwarf, causing the latter to increase in mass.
These events, like supernovae of Type II, are massive stars running out of fuel at their centers; however the progenitors of Types Ib and Ic have lost most of their outer (hydrogen) envelopes due to strong stellar winds or else from interaction with a companion. Type Ib supernova are thought to be the result of the collapse of a massive Wolf-Rayet star. There is some evidence that a few percent of the Type Ic supernova may be the progenitors of gamma ray bursts(GRB), though it is also believed that any hydrogen-stripped, Type Ib or Ic supernova could be a GRB, dependent upon the geometry of the explosion.
The impact of a supernova on Earth
In Earth's case, gamma rays induce a chemical reaction in the upper atmosphere, converting molecular nitrogen into nitrogen oxides, depleting the ozone layer enough to expose the surface to harmful solar and cosmic radiation. The gamma ray burst from a nearby supernova explosion has been proposed as the cause of the end Ordovician extinction, which resulted in the death of nearly 60% of the oceanic life on Earth.
Well, this is only the introduction of this relevant and interesting topic, you’ll find impressive images of the cycle of the supernovas, later you will check our presentation.
Also in this work you will find the history of the most important supernovas, and the impact that got in the earth.
And this is a little information of Supernovas:Heavyweight Remnant of a SupernovaA neutron Star is the smoking gun at the scene of a Supernova explosion. The inmense presure and heat in the Supernovas iron core at the moment of the explosion create a neutron start by forcing oppositely chargea electrons and protons so close together that they fuse to become neutrons. Inside an iron shell only a few hundred feet thick these neutrons pack together into matter so dense that a single teaspoonful could weigh a billion tons. Though no more than perhaps ten miles in diameter, the neutron star has a gravitational field at its surface 100 billion times as strong as that on the surface of the Earth.The Suepernova explosion that forms a neutron star also expels vast numbers of nearly massless particles called neutrinos, as well as an expanding cloud of dust and gas that can remain visible for thousands of years.
Well, this is our work. See you next class.
INTRODUCTION
This work is going to talk about the Supernovas, the types of supernovas, their history and the importance for us.
We chose this topic because we think, this is a very relevant topic for us, because one of the explosions of a supernova got place to the solar system , this is the reason why we got live, we breath , we are study now. Besides we like the Astronomy and the geography because it’s exciting to study the planets that are very far away from us.
Well, as we know a supernova is a stellar explosion that creates an extremely luminous object. A supernova causes a burst of radiation that may briefly outshine its entire host galaxy before fading from view over several weeks or months. During this short interval, a supernova can radiate as much energy as the Sun would emit over 10 billion years.
Supernovas fall into two classes: those focused on relatively nearby events and those looking for explosions farther away.
Type A
One model for the formation of this category of supernova is a close binary star system. The larger of the two stars is the first to evolve off the main sequence, and it expands to form a red giant. The two stars now are sharing a common envelope, causing their mutual orbit to shrink.
The giant star then sheds most of its envelope, losing mass until it can no longer continue nuclear fusion. At this point it becomes a white dwarf star, composed primarily of carbon and oxygen. Eventually the secondary star also evolves off the main sequence to form a red giant. Matter from the giant is accreted by the white dwarf, causing the latter to increase in mass.
Type B
These events, like supernovae of Type II, are massive stars running out of fuel at their centers; however the progenitors of Types Ib and Ic have lost most of their outer (hydrogen) envelopes due to strong stellar winds or else from interaction with a companion. Type Ib supernova are thought to be the result of the collapse of a massive Wolf-Rayet star. There is some evidence that a few percent of the Type Ic supernova may be the progenitors of gamma ray bursts(GRB), though it is also believed that any hydrogen-stripped, Type Ib or Ic supernova could be a GRB, dependent upon the geometry of the explosion.
The impact of a supernova on Earth
In Earth's case, gamma rays induce a chemical reaction in the upper atmosphere, converting molecular nitrogen into nitrogen oxides, depleting the ozone layer enough to expose the surface to harmful solar and cosmic radiation. The gamma ray burst from a nearby supernova explosion has been proposed as the cause of the end Ordovician extinction, which resulted in the death of nearly 60% of the oceanic life on Earth.
Well, this is only the introduction of this relevant and interesting topic, you’ll find impressive images of the cycle of the supernovas, later you will check our presentation.
Also in this work you will find the history of the most important supernovas, and the impact that got in the earth.
And this is a little information of Supernovas:Heavyweight Remnant of a SupernovaA neutron Star is the smoking gun at the scene of a Supernova explosion. The inmense presure and heat in the Supernovas iron core at the moment of the explosion create a neutron start by forcing oppositely chargea electrons and protons so close together that they fuse to become neutrons. Inside an iron shell only a few hundred feet thick these neutrons pack together into matter so dense that a single teaspoonful could weigh a billion tons. Though no more than perhaps ten miles in diameter, the neutron star has a gravitational field at its surface 100 billion times as strong as that on the surface of the Earth.The Suepernova explosion that forms a neutron star also expels vast numbers of nearly massless particles called neutrinos, as well as an expanding cloud of dust and gas that can remain visible for thousands of years.
Well, this is our work. See you next class.
martes, 27 de noviembre de 2007
Information of Supernovas
Hello teacher Marsella!!!!This week we couldn't work on the Mediateca because it wasn't on service.I worked on my house with Diana and this is our information:The supernovas are heavenly bodies that are on explosion danger. If a supernova explodes with it, can cause the origin of a new start.
The Big Bang was a Supernova that origin the Solar sistem and that is important for us.We will talk about the Solar Sistem origin:When the Universe have just stars and doesn't exist planets, have a big explosion caused for a star. This explosion caused a big cloud of gas and cosmic powder. These materials were joined together to create the planets and their satellites. This formation create the Milk way and the life on the third planet of the Solar Sistem: "the Earth."It's fabolous for us to know that the Earth was a “trash” of the space and then it was the result of a Supernova. We think that the life on the Earth is fantastic and his history is very important for all the people that live in this planet.Well…this could be the introduction of our work and we go to work on a presentation in Power Point.Our bibliography is:O., Monticelli, New Tematic Encyclopaedia, Paraguay, Richards editorial, 7ª edition, 535 pages, 1967.Ríos, Magdalena, Atlas Universal and of México, Mexico DF, Trillas editorial, 96 pages, 2001.Mitchell Beazley Encyclopaedias Limited, The Eartht, Spain, Salvat editorial, 125 pages, 1985.
Content:
A supernova is a stellar explosion that creates an extremely luminous object. A supernova causes a burst of radiation that may briefly outshine its entire host galaxy before fading from view over several weeks or months. During this short interval, a supernova can radiate as much energy as the Sun would emit over 10 billion years.
This is so surprising; can you ever imagine this power that has the supernovas?
The explosion throws materials a velocity of up to a tenth the speed of light, driving a shock wave into the surrounding interstellar medium. This shock wave sweeps up an expanding shell of gas and dust called a supernova remnant.
Several types of supernovae exist that may be triggered in one of two ways, involving either turning off or suddenly turning on the production of energy through nuclear fusion. After the core of an aging massive star ceases to generate energy from nuclear fusion, it may undergo sudden gravitational collapse into a neutron star or black hole, releasing gravitational potential energy that heats and expels the star's outer layers.
Supernova in other galaxies cannot be predicted with any meaningful accuracy. When they are discovered, they are already in progress. Most scientific interest in supernovae—as standard candles for measuring distance, for example—require an observation of their peak luminosity. It is therefore important to discover them well before they reach their maximum. Amateur astronomers, who greatly outnumber professional astronomers, have played an important role in finding supernovae, typically by looking at some of the closer galaxies through an optical telescope and comparing them to earlier photographs.
Supernova searches fall into two classes: those focused on relatively nearby events and those looking for explosions farther away. Because of the expansion of the universe, the distance to a remote object with a known emission spectrum can be estimated by measuring its Doppler shift (or redshift); on average, more distant objects recede with greater velocity than those nearby, and so have a higher redshift. Thus the search is split between high redshift and low redshift, with the boundary falling around a redshift range of z = 0.1–0.3—where z is a dimensionless measure of the spectrum's frequency shift.
Tape A
One model for the formation of this category of supernova is a close binary star system. The larger of the two stars is the first to evolve off the main sequence, and it expands to form a red giant. The two stars now share a common envelope, causing their mutual orbit to shrink. The giant star then sheds most of its envelope, losing mass until it can no longer continue nuclear fusion. At this point it becomes a white dwarf star, composed primarily of carbon and oxygen. Eventually the secondary star also evolves off the main sequence to form a red giant. Matter from the giant is accreted by the white dwarf, causing the latter to increase in mass.
TYPE B
These events, like supernovae of Type II, are probably massive stars running out of fuel at their centers; however, the progenitors of Types Ib and Ic have lost most of their outer (hydrogen) envelopes due to strong stellar winds or else from interaction with a companion. Type Ib supernovae are thought to be the result of the collapse of a massive Wolf-Rayet star. There is some evidence that a few percent of the Type Ic supernovae may be the progenitors of gamma ray bursts (GRB), though it is also believed that any hydrogen-stripped, Type Ib or Ic supernova could be a GRB, dependent upon the geometry of the explosion.
Impact on Earth
A near-Earth supernova is an explosion resulting from the death of a star that occurs close enough to the Earth (roughly fewer than 100 light-years away) to have noticeable effects on its biosphere. Gamma rays are responsible for most of the adverse effects a supernova can have on a living terrestrial planet. In Earth's case, gamma rays induce a chemical reaction in the upper atmosphere, converting molecular nitrogen into nitrogen oxides, depleting the ozone layer enough to expose the surface to harmful solar and cosmic radiation. The gamma ray burst from a nearby supernova explosion has been proposed as the cause of the end Ordovician extinction, which resulted in the death of nearly 60% of the oceanic life on Earth.
Speculation as to the effects of a nearby supernova on Earth often focuses on large stars as Type II supernova candidates. Several prominent stars within a few hundred light years from the Sun are candidates for becoming supernovae in as little as a millennium. One example is Betelgeuse, a red supergiant 427 light-years from Earth. Though spectacular, these "predictable" supernovae are thought to have little potential to affect Earth.
Recent estimates predict that a Type II supernova would have to be closer than eight parsecs (26 light-years) to destroy half of the Earth's ozone layer.Such estimates are mostly concerned with atmospheric modeling and considered only the known radiation flux from SN 1987A, a Type II supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Estimates of the rate of supernova occurrence within 10 parsecs of the Earth vary from once every 100 million years to once every one to ten billion years.
Type Ia supernovae are thought to be potentially the most dangerous if they occur close enough to the Earth. Because Type Ia supernovae arise from dim, common white dwarf stars, it is likely that a supernova that could affect the Earth will occur unpredictably and take place in a star system that is not well studied. One theory suggests that a Type IA supernova would have to be closer than a thousand parsecs (3300 light-years) to affect the Earth.
Opinion:
I think this is an incredible topic, it had a lot of information, and it gave me surprised, of the power of supernovas have, this is incredible.
Well, we want also to make a type of presentation, because the images that we got were annoyed.I think the world of the universe is amazing.
Bibliography:
http://www.astromia.com/glosario/supernova.htm
http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?rss+supernova
http://harvardscience.harvard.edu/search/node/supernovahttp://www.supernovae.net/snimages/snlinks.htmlhttp://www.lacanada.es/Supernovae.htmhttp://www.supernovae.net/snimages/double_sn.htmlhttp://www.astrosurf.com/argetac/sn2.htmhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~rfesen/snlinks.htmlhttp://sao-www.cfa.harvard.edu/supernova/SNlinks.html
The Big Bang was a Supernova that origin the Solar sistem and that is important for us.We will talk about the Solar Sistem origin:When the Universe have just stars and doesn't exist planets, have a big explosion caused for a star. This explosion caused a big cloud of gas and cosmic powder. These materials were joined together to create the planets and their satellites. This formation create the Milk way and the life on the third planet of the Solar Sistem: "the Earth."It's fabolous for us to know that the Earth was a “trash” of the space and then it was the result of a Supernova. We think that the life on the Earth is fantastic and his history is very important for all the people that live in this planet.Well…this could be the introduction of our work and we go to work on a presentation in Power Point.Our bibliography is:O., Monticelli, New Tematic Encyclopaedia, Paraguay, Richards editorial, 7ª edition, 535 pages, 1967.Ríos, Magdalena, Atlas Universal and of México, Mexico DF, Trillas editorial, 96 pages, 2001.Mitchell Beazley Encyclopaedias Limited, The Eartht, Spain, Salvat editorial, 125 pages, 1985.
Content:
A supernova is a stellar explosion that creates an extremely luminous object. A supernova causes a burst of radiation that may briefly outshine its entire host galaxy before fading from view over several weeks or months. During this short interval, a supernova can radiate as much energy as the Sun would emit over 10 billion years.
This is so surprising; can you ever imagine this power that has the supernovas?
The explosion throws materials a velocity of up to a tenth the speed of light, driving a shock wave into the surrounding interstellar medium. This shock wave sweeps up an expanding shell of gas and dust called a supernova remnant.
Several types of supernovae exist that may be triggered in one of two ways, involving either turning off or suddenly turning on the production of energy through nuclear fusion. After the core of an aging massive star ceases to generate energy from nuclear fusion, it may undergo sudden gravitational collapse into a neutron star or black hole, releasing gravitational potential energy that heats and expels the star's outer layers.
Supernova in other galaxies cannot be predicted with any meaningful accuracy. When they are discovered, they are already in progress. Most scientific interest in supernovae—as standard candles for measuring distance, for example—require an observation of their peak luminosity. It is therefore important to discover them well before they reach their maximum. Amateur astronomers, who greatly outnumber professional astronomers, have played an important role in finding supernovae, typically by looking at some of the closer galaxies through an optical telescope and comparing them to earlier photographs.
Supernova searches fall into two classes: those focused on relatively nearby events and those looking for explosions farther away. Because of the expansion of the universe, the distance to a remote object with a known emission spectrum can be estimated by measuring its Doppler shift (or redshift); on average, more distant objects recede with greater velocity than those nearby, and so have a higher redshift. Thus the search is split between high redshift and low redshift, with the boundary falling around a redshift range of z = 0.1–0.3—where z is a dimensionless measure of the spectrum's frequency shift.
Tape A
One model for the formation of this category of supernova is a close binary star system. The larger of the two stars is the first to evolve off the main sequence, and it expands to form a red giant. The two stars now share a common envelope, causing their mutual orbit to shrink. The giant star then sheds most of its envelope, losing mass until it can no longer continue nuclear fusion. At this point it becomes a white dwarf star, composed primarily of carbon and oxygen. Eventually the secondary star also evolves off the main sequence to form a red giant. Matter from the giant is accreted by the white dwarf, causing the latter to increase in mass.
TYPE B
These events, like supernovae of Type II, are probably massive stars running out of fuel at their centers; however, the progenitors of Types Ib and Ic have lost most of their outer (hydrogen) envelopes due to strong stellar winds or else from interaction with a companion. Type Ib supernovae are thought to be the result of the collapse of a massive Wolf-Rayet star. There is some evidence that a few percent of the Type Ic supernovae may be the progenitors of gamma ray bursts (GRB), though it is also believed that any hydrogen-stripped, Type Ib or Ic supernova could be a GRB, dependent upon the geometry of the explosion.
Impact on Earth
A near-Earth supernova is an explosion resulting from the death of a star that occurs close enough to the Earth (roughly fewer than 100 light-years away) to have noticeable effects on its biosphere. Gamma rays are responsible for most of the adverse effects a supernova can have on a living terrestrial planet. In Earth's case, gamma rays induce a chemical reaction in the upper atmosphere, converting molecular nitrogen into nitrogen oxides, depleting the ozone layer enough to expose the surface to harmful solar and cosmic radiation. The gamma ray burst from a nearby supernova explosion has been proposed as the cause of the end Ordovician extinction, which resulted in the death of nearly 60% of the oceanic life on Earth.
Speculation as to the effects of a nearby supernova on Earth often focuses on large stars as Type II supernova candidates. Several prominent stars within a few hundred light years from the Sun are candidates for becoming supernovae in as little as a millennium. One example is Betelgeuse, a red supergiant 427 light-years from Earth. Though spectacular, these "predictable" supernovae are thought to have little potential to affect Earth.
Recent estimates predict that a Type II supernova would have to be closer than eight parsecs (26 light-years) to destroy half of the Earth's ozone layer.Such estimates are mostly concerned with atmospheric modeling and considered only the known radiation flux from SN 1987A, a Type II supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Estimates of the rate of supernova occurrence within 10 parsecs of the Earth vary from once every 100 million years to once every one to ten billion years.
Type Ia supernovae are thought to be potentially the most dangerous if they occur close enough to the Earth. Because Type Ia supernovae arise from dim, common white dwarf stars, it is likely that a supernova that could affect the Earth will occur unpredictably and take place in a star system that is not well studied. One theory suggests that a Type IA supernova would have to be closer than a thousand parsecs (3300 light-years) to affect the Earth.
Opinion:
I think this is an incredible topic, it had a lot of information, and it gave me surprised, of the power of supernovas have, this is incredible.
Well, we want also to make a type of presentation, because the images that we got were annoyed.I think the world of the universe is amazing.
Bibliography:
http://www.astromia.com/glosario/supernova.htm
http://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?rss+supernova
http://harvardscience.harvard.edu/search/node/supernovahttp://www.supernovae.net/snimages/snlinks.htmlhttp://www.lacanada.es/Supernovae.htmhttp://www.supernovae.net/snimages/double_sn.htmlhttp://www.astrosurf.com/argetac/sn2.htmhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~rfesen/snlinks.htmlhttp://sao-www.cfa.harvard.edu/supernova/SNlinks.html
domingo, 18 de noviembre de 2007
Introduction
Well, here we have a part os the Introduction, that gona be in our work, this is only the start, we have to correct some errors, but this will be.
INTRODUCTION
We choose the topic of Supernova because we think that the universe is another world in which we represent a minimum part of that whole world. The origin of the universe is the most important for us because we live here, so we are going to talk about the Supernovas.
These heavenly bodies are the cause of the live in the Earth because the explosion of the Big Bang was a supernova.
CONTENT
The supernovas are stars in explosion danger that produce a fusion of elements on the interior of the star. The explosion of a supernova can cause a new star. It’s the born of a dark hole...
Although we have to take a book from the library to get more information.
PD: THIS IS ONLY THE START BUT WE HAVE TO CORRECT SOME ERRORS, THIS IS SO LITTLE BECAUSE THERE ARE SMALL FRAGMNETS THAT WE WILL PUT IN OUR PRESENTATION.
WELL THANKS
INTRODUCTION
We choose the topic of Supernova because we think that the universe is another world in which we represent a minimum part of that whole world. The origin of the universe is the most important for us because we live here, so we are going to talk about the Supernovas.
These heavenly bodies are the cause of the live in the Earth because the explosion of the Big Bang was a supernova.
CONTENT
The supernovas are stars in explosion danger that produce a fusion of elements on the interior of the star. The explosion of a supernova can cause a new star. It’s the born of a dark hole...
Although we have to take a book from the library to get more information.
PD: THIS IS ONLY THE START BUT WE HAVE TO CORRECT SOME ERRORS, THIS IS SO LITTLE BECAUSE THERE ARE SMALL FRAGMNETS THAT WE WILL PUT IN OUR PRESENTATION.
WELL THANKS
sábado, 10 de noviembre de 2007
Let´s Research
The topic that interested to Lupita and to me is the "Supernova".
Well, the pages, that have several links, and I think they can help us with our research are:
http://harvardscience.harvard.edu/search/node/supernova
http://www.supernovae.net/snimages/snlinks.html
http://www.lacanada.es/Supernovae.htm
http://www.supernovae.net/snimages/double_sn.html
http://www.astrosurf.com/argetac/sn2.htm
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rfesen/snlinks.html
http://sao-www.cfa.harvard.edu/supernova/SNlinks.html
Well, the pages, that have several links, and I think they can help us with our research are:
http://harvardscience.harvard.edu/search/node/supernova
http://www.supernovae.net/snimages/snlinks.html
http://www.lacanada.es/Supernovae.htm
http://www.supernovae.net/snimages/double_sn.html
http://www.astrosurf.com/argetac/sn2.htm
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rfesen/snlinks.html
http://sao-www.cfa.harvard.edu/supernova/SNlinks.html
lunes, 29 de octubre de 2007
Differences between halloween and the day of the deads
Well, in the United States they usually celebrate halloween , in wich, boys and girls wear customes and get candies, but here in Mexico we got the tradition to put an ofrenda un wich we remember our relatives that have gone, in this ofrenda we also put food, candles, bread,water, etc, and it is celebrated in 1st and 2nd of November, many of the people go to cementeries.
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